Obat narkotik adalah obat yang dapat
menyebabkan penurunan atau perubahan kesadaran, menghilangkan rasa nyeri dan
dapat menimbulkan ketergantungan. Pada kemasan ditandai dengan lingkaran warna
putih dan tanda palang merah, garis tepi warna hitam.
Kemasan obat golongan ini ditandai dengan lingkaran yang di
dalamnya terdapat palang (+) berwarna merah. Obat narkotika bersifat
adiksi dan penggunaannya diawasi dengan ketat, sehingga obat golongan narkotika hanya dapat diperoleh dengan
resep dokter yang asli (tidak dapat menggunakan kopi resep). Contoh dari obat narkotika/Psikotropik
antara lain: pada bagian bawah coretan ini. Dalam bidang kedokteran, obat-obat
narkotika biasa digunakan sebagai anestesi/obat bius dan analgetika/obat
penghilang rasa sakit.
Obat Psikotropik adalah obat yang secara efektif
dapat mempengaruhi susunan saraf pusat dan akan mempengaruhi tingkah laku dan
aktivitas.
Menurut UU No.35 Tahun 2009 tentang narkotika dan psikotropika
digolongkan menjadi : beserta contohnya
1.
Psikotropika golongan I yaitu psikotropika yang tidak digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi ketergantungan
yang sangat kuat, contohnya antara lain : Broloamfetamine atau DOB ((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy alphamethylphenethylamine), Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2aminopropiophenone), DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole),
DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine), DMHP (
3-(1,2 dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-
dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo ), DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole), DOET (
(±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine), Eticyclidine - PCE (
N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine ), Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole ), Lysergide
- LSD, LSD-25 (9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide), MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine), Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), Methcathinone (
2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one ), 4-methylaminorex ( (±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline ), MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), N-ethyl MDA ((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), N-hydroxy MDA ((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine), Parahexyl (3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol), PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]
indol-4-ol), Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate), Rolicyclidine - PHP,PCPY (
1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine ), STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine), Tenamfetamine - MDA (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine), Tenocyclidine - TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine), Tetrahydrocannabinol, TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
2.
Psikotropika golongan II,yaitu psikotropika yang berkhasiat terapi tetapi dapat
menimbulkan ketergantungan. contohnya antara lain : Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino]
ethyl]theophylline), Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine), Levomethampheta-mine
((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)- quinazolinone), Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine), Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone), Methylphenidate (Methyl
alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate), Phencyclidine - PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine), Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid), Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol ((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-
dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol), Zipeprol (alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)
3.
Psikotropika golongan III, yaitu psikotropika dengan efek ketergantungannya sedang dari
kelompok hipnotik sedatif contohnya antara lain Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric
acid), Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14-
endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
Butalbital
(5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid), Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl alcohol), Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric
acid), Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide), Pentazocine((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol), Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric
acid)
4.
Psikotropika golongan IV, aitu psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan. contohnya antara lain : Clotiazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e]
-1,4-diazepin-2-one), Cloxazolam (10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo-
[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one), Delorazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Estazolam (8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine), Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol), Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate), Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl
7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate), Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine), Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile), Fludiazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Flurazepam (7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one), Haloxazolam (10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo
[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one), Ketazolam (11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione), Lefetamine - SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)
Sumber : UU Narkotika no.35
Tahun 2009
Aji Wibowo,S.Farm.,Apt
Aji Wibowo,S.Farm.,Apt
